Two intensively studied intermediate representations in compiler theory are Static Single Assignment form (SSA) and CPS translations, and Richard Kelsey's 1995 paper, A Correspondence Between Continuation Passing Style and Static Single Assignment Form (.ps.gz) , which shows a nearly-complete, exact equivalence between the two IRs.
The correspondence shows how the imperatively expressed SSA can be regarded as side-effect free, and Andrew Appel has pushed this idea to claim that SSA is functional programming .
This result is...
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